Impact of Heat on Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Patients

Added on: Feb 27, 2025
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can you make me a graph for this **Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)** * Chronic Kidney Disease severely interferes with thermoregulatory functions of the organism by many diverse mechanisms which can disturb the ability of the body to maintain stable internal temperature. The salient feature of CKD is the dysfunction in the regulation of fluid balance, which makes impossible the capacity to adjust the levels of fluid within the body and so manages cooling through sweating or other means. Another common problem with CKD is electrolyte abnormalities, which affect neural control for temperature, thus interfering with the pathways of signals regulating the heat production and dissipation, hindering the body from responding appropriately to the changes in temperature. Heat stress's impaired urine concentration further reduces the body's capacity to conserve fluid and efficiently cool down. This condition increases dehydration as well as overheating risks. * There is new evidence on how heat affects the patient with CKD. Zhang et al. (2024) assessed the data in the DAPA-CKD trial including 4,304 CKD patients and demonstrated that each 1°C maximum temperature increase would be associated to a 0.35 mL/min/1.73m² decline in eGFR (kidney function), arguing that high ambient temperatures were proportional to the increase in kidney function deterioration risk. However, heat effects were more pronounced in patients with advanced CKD (stages 3-4), insisting on preemptively shielding these populations' kidney health. Besides this, Wang et al. (2024) showed that heat waves were associated with increased hospitalization rates among CKD patients by as much as 5.4% during heat wave periods, evidencing the effect of heat on CKD patients. 1. Zhang, Z., Heerspink, H. J. L., Chertow, G. M., Correa-Rotter, R., Gasparrini, A., Jongs, N., Langkilde, A. M., McMurray, J. J. V., Mistry, M. N., Rossing, P., Toto, R. D., Vart, P., Nitsch, D., Wheeler, D. C., & Caplin, B. (2024). Ambient heat exposure and kidney function in patients with chronic kidney disease: A post-hoc analysis of the DAPA-CKD trial. *The Lancet Regional Health - Europe*, *8*(4), e225-e233. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(24)00026-3 1. Wang, W., Wang, F., Yang, C., Wang, J., Liang, Z., Zhang, F., Li, P., & Zhang, L. (2024). Associations between heat waves and chronic kidney disease in China: The modifying role of land cover. *Environment International*, *186*, 108657. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2024.108657